#FFF591

sRGB: 255 / 245 / 145

Cosmic tempests reshape eternity
Unbridled forces wander across quiet meadows
Rising tides surrender to silence

#FFF591 belongs to the yellow family. Its hex code tells a screen to mix 255 red, 245 green and 145 blue on a scale of 0 to 255. On the HSL wheel, hue is a position around a circle: 54.5° lands in the yellow region. Its 100.0% saturation makes it strong in color at this lightness. HSL lightness is 78.4% on a scale from black (0%) to white (100%). Of black and white lettering, black has the clearer light-to-dark separation on this background (18.72:1), which helps the shapes of letters stand out.

Color conversions

sRGB (8-bit): 255, 245, 145
HSL: 54.55°, 100.00%, 78.43%
HSV / HSB: 54.55°, 43.14%, 100.00%
CMYK (approx.): 0.00%, 3.92%, 43.14%, 0.00%
CIE XYZ (D65, Y = 100 for white): 79.000, 88.610, 39.731
CIELAB (D65, 2° observer): 95.417, -10.133, 49.191
WCAG relative luminance: 0.88609
24-bit decimal: 16774545

CMYK uses a profile-free approximation. Printed output depends on the press, ink and paper. Lab uses a D65 white point.

Text contrast

Contrast tells you how clearly lettering separates from #FFF591 in light and dark. The ratio compares relative luminance, a measure of light weighted for human vision. Identical colors give 1:1 and black against white gives 21:1. A ratio of 2.99:1 falls just below the 3:1 AA minimum for large text. Body text needs at least 4.5:1 because its finer strokes are harder to distinguish.

Black text: 18.72:1

Normal text: AAA
Large text: AAA

White text: 1.12:1

Normal text: Fail
Large text: Fail

AA and AAA are WCAG accessibility levels. AAA sets a higher bar: 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text. Large text begins at 18 pt regular or 14 pt bold. Ratings use the unrounded ratio.

Reference: WCAG text contrast guidance

Palettes & scales

Harmonies rotate the hue. Scales mix the starting color with white, black or middle gray in 20% steps in encoded sRGB.

Complementary

#919BFF sits half a turn (180°) from #FFF591 on the HSL wheel. Keeping saturation and lightness steady while crossing to the opposite hue gives you a contrasting accent. Check text contrast separately before using the pair for lettering.

#FFF591 #919BFF

Analogous

#FFBE91 and #D2FF91 sit 30° to either side of #FFF591. The three hues are neighbors on the wheel, so you can change the color of a border or highlight while keeping it close to the original.

#FFBE91 #FFF591 #D2FF91

Triadic

#FFF591, #91FFF5 and #F591FF are spaced 120° apart, forming a triangle on the wheel. Try one for the main color and the other two for accents.

#FFF591 #91FFF5 #F591FF

Split complementary

Start at #FFF591 and look across the wheel. #91D2FF and #BE91FF sit 30° to either side of its exact opposite, giving you two different accent choices.

#FFF591 #91D2FF #BE91FF

Square

Starting with #FFF591, each quarter turn (90°) takes you to the next hue: #91FFBE, #919BFF, then #FF91D2. Across the square, #FFF591 pairs with #919BFF, and #91FFBE with #FF91D2.

#FFF591 #91FFBE #919BFF #FF91D2

Tetradic

#FFF591 and #919BFF are opposites, as are #9BFF91 and #F591FF. Together they form a rectangle on the wheel, with alternating gaps of 60° and 120°.

#FFF591 #9BFF91 #919BFF #F591FF

Tints

Mixing #FFF591 with white in 20% steps produces this scale. The first mixture, #FFF7A7, keeps 80% of the original. By #FFFDE9, the mixture is 80% white.

#FFF591 #FFF7A7 #FFF9BD #FFFBD3 #FFFDE9 #FFFFFF

Shades

Mixing #FFF591 with black in 20% steps produces this scale. The first mixture, #CCC474, keeps 80% of the original. By #33311D, the mixture is 80% black.

#FFF591 #CCC474 #999357 #66623A #33311D #000000

Tones

Mixing #FFF591 with middle gray in 20% steps produces this scale. The first mixture, #E6DE8E, keeps 80% of the original. By #999783, the mixture is 80% middle gray.

#FFF591 #E6DE8E #CCC68A #B3AF87 #999783 #808080

Copy color codes

Hex, RGB and HSL are three ways to write this screen color. Paste any of them into a CSS color property.

Hex

#FFF591

RGB

rgb(255 245 145)

HSL

hsl(54.545 100.000% 78.431%)

CSS example

.color-sample {
  background-color: #FFF591;
  color: #000000;
}

Channel breakdown

RGB

#FFF591 uses 255 red, 245 green and 145 blue. Each bar shows how much of that channel’s 0–255 range the screen uses.

Red 100.0%

Green 96.1%

Blue 56.9%

CMYK

A simple CMYK estimate for #FFF591 is 0.0% cyan, 3.9% magenta, 43.1% yellow and 0.0% black. These are ink amounts; a printer profile is needed to predict the result on paper.

Cyan 0.0%

Magenta 3.9%

Yellow 43.1%

Black 0.0%

Nearby colors

The nearest shorthand match is #FFEE99. Its matching digit pairs let you write it as #FE9 in CSS. For a modern design, keep #FFF591 when you want an exact match. Use its web-safe neighbor, #FFFF99, when matching a legacy palette of 216 colors.

Nearest shorthand: #FFEE99 Nearest web-safe: #FFFF99

Gradient to complement

#FFF591 #EDE6A3 #DAD7B6 #C8C8C8 #B6B9DA #A3AAED #919BFF

Color vision previews

Compare how #FFF591 appears in each simulation. When two chart lines or status indicators become hard to tell apart, a label, shape or line pattern gives readers another way to distinguish them. Individual perception varies.

Protanopia

A red–green color vision deficiency. Without a distinct response from long-wavelength cones, some reds and greens can look alike, and reds can appear darker.

#FFEF89

Deuteranopia

A red–green color vision deficiency. Without a distinct response from medium-wavelength cones, some greens can be difficult to distinguish from reds or browns.

#FFF495

Tritanopia

A blue–yellow color vision deficiency. Without a distinct response from short-wavelength cones, blue can resemble green, and yellow can resemble pink.

#FFE9DD

Protanomaly (50%)

An altered long-wavelength cone response can make reds appear dimmer and harder to distinguish from greens. This swatch shows the model’s halfway setting.

#FFF18D

Deuteranomaly (50%)

An altered medium-wavelength cone response can reduce the visible difference between reds and greens. This swatch shows the model’s halfway setting.

#FFF493

Tritanomaly (50%)

An altered short-wavelength cone response can make blue harder to distinguish from green. This swatch shows the model’s halfway setting.

#FFF1B2

Grayscale (luminance)

This design check removes hue and preserves relative luminance so you can compare light and dark areas.

#F2F2F2

Partial grayscale (50% blend)

This design check mixes the original color halfway toward its grayscale equivalent in linear light. Use it to see how a design holds up as color fades.

#F9F3C9

Reference: National Eye Institute: Types of Color Vision Deficiency

Technical reference

CAM16 and CIECAM02 below assume D65 white, an average surround, background Y of 20 against white at 100, and adapting luminance of 4.07 cd/m².

Linear sRGB

These channels scale with emitted light. Use them for lighting calculations and physically meaningful blends.

R 1.00000 G 0.91310 B 0.28315

Display P3

P3 displays can reproduce a wider range of reds and greens. These coordinates reproduce this same sRGB swatch on a color-managed P3 display.

R 0.99319 G 0.96212 B 0.61886

Linear Display P3

These P3 channels are proportional to light, before display encoding.

R 0.98457 G 0.91598 B 0.34100

CIE xyY

The x and y coordinates locate chromaticity on a diagram. Y gives relative luminance on a scale where white is 100.

x 0.381 y 0.427 Y 88.610

CMY

Ideal cyan, magenta and yellow are the complements of the encoded red, green and blue channels.

C % 0.000 M % 3.922 Y % 43.137

Binary RGB

Each eight-bit group represents one channel. Together they store the 24-bit hex color.

11111111 11110101 10010001